ʻO ka hao puaʻa a me ke kila i kapa ʻia he metala ferrous.ʻO ka hao kona mea nui a loaʻa pū kekahi nui o ke kalapona a me nā mea ʻē aʻe.ʻO nā huila me nā mea kalapona i emi iho ma lalo o 2.11% (mass) ua kapa ʻia he kila, a ʻo nā mea hoʻohui me ka carbon content ʻoi aku ka nui a i ʻole like me 2.11% (mass) i kapa ʻia ka hao puaʻa.
Hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka hao puaʻa i ka hao puaʻa no ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana.
ʻO ka hao hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ʻo ia ka hao.E like me nā hiʻohiʻona o ka graphite, hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka hao i loko o kēia mau ʻāpana: hao hina hina, codenamed HT;ductile hoolei hao, codenamed QT;ka hao hoʻolei ʻana i ka corrosion;nā hao ʻē aʻe, e like me ka hao hoʻolei wela a me ka hao malleable, ʻo Malleable cast iron ka inoa inoa ʻo KT, ʻike ʻia hoʻi he hao malleable.
ʻAʻole hana nui ʻia nā paipu paʻi hao hao a me nā mea pono ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa a me nā ʻāina ʻē aʻe, akā hiki ke hana nui ʻia ma kekahi mau ʻāina.Ua pani nā paipu paʻi hao ductile i nā paipu kaomi hao.ʻO nā kikoʻī maʻamau e pili ana: ASME B16.3, ASME B16.4, ASME B16.12, ASME B16.42, ASMEB16.42, ASTM A74, ASTM A126, AWWA C110, AWWA C111, AWWA C150, AWWA C153, etc.
ʻO ke kila ke kila.ʻO ka mea nui ka hao a me kahi mea liʻiliʻi o ke kalapona.Loaʻa iā ia nā mea trace e like me ke silika, manganese, phosphorus, sulfur, chromium, nickel, molybdenum, tungsten a me vanadium.Hōʻikeʻia ka hoʻohuiʻana o ke kila ma ke kiʻi
按照化学成分分类
碳素钢
普通碳素钢
优质碳素结构钢
低碳钢—c≤0.25%
中碳钢—0.25
高碳钢—c>0.6%
同时保证钢的化学成分和力学性能
一般S和P的质量分数均不超过0.04%
合金钢
低合金钢-合金元素总的质量分数一般小于5%
中合金钢-合金元素总的质量分数一般大于5%而小于或等于10%
高合金钢-合金元素总的质量分数一般大于10%
按照冶炼方法分类
平炉钢
转炉钢
电炉钢
坩炉钢
及
按照炉衬材料分类
按照冶炼脱氧程度分类
酸性钢
碱性钢
沸腾钢-不脱氧的钢
镇静钢-完全脱氧的钢
半镇静钢-半脱氧的钢
按照用途分类
普通钢
优质钢
高级优质钢-钢号后加“高”或“A”
按照赋予其形状的方法分类
铸钢
锻钢
轧压钢
冷拔钢
--本文摘自《压力管道设计及工程实例》第二版，主编：宋岢岢
Ka manawa hoʻouna: Sep-07-2021